Gender pay gap – survey results
HR software provider Ciphr polled 1,005 workers on their attitudes towards the gender pay gap in the UK.
Key findings:
- Over half (57%) of British workers don’t think there’s a gender pay gap where they work
- Only a third (36%) of workers think that their employer has a gender pay gap in favour of men
- Most women (58%) say they wouldn’t apply for a job with an organisation that has a gender pay gap (compared to 38% of men)
- 37% of workers say they are actively discouraged from talking about their salaries with colleagues and co-workers
- Over a third of people (36%) say they don’t talk about their salary with spouses or partners
The gender pay gap is a comparison between men’s and women’s average hourly rates of pay. How big do you think the average median gender pay gap is among all workers in the UK?
While many people may have heard of the gender pay gap, few seem sure on the details – or what the current pay gap figures may look like. Around one in six survey respondents (16%) did get close but only one in 20 (5%) correctly identified the UK’s gender pay gap as 15% or 16%. According to the Office for National Statistics’ 2020 figures, based on median gross hourly earnings for all workers, it is 15.5%. A third of people (33%) thought it was as high as over 50%.
The mean average answer for this sample of 1,005 UK workers is 37% (the mean average answer for women is 39%, for men it’s 35%), and the median is 33%.
In 2020, the UK’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimated that the gender pay gap (based on median gross hourly earnings) for all workers was 15.5% in favour of men. Ten years ago, it was 20.2%. As a percentage, what do you think the gender pay gap will be in 2021?
Over half of people (51%) say that the UK’s gender pay gap (based on ONS figures) will decrease in 2021, while one in eight people (12%) say it will remain around the same as 2020 (15%-16%).
Around a third of people (37%) think that the pay gap will rise in 2021 (38% of women and 35% of men respectively). Although men were more likely (5%) to say that the gender pay gap will close (reach zero) in 2021, compared to women (2%).
The mean average answer is 21%, and the median is 14%.
Thinking about the company / organisation you work for, does it have an even mix of men and women, more men than women, or more women than men?
The majority of people (44%) say that they work for an organisation that has a gender-balanced workforce.
Nearly two-fifths of men (39%), compared to one-fifth of women (21%), say they work in an organisation with more men than women. Those results are flipped for places of work that have more women than men (33% of women, compared to 20% of men).
According to the results, people working in health and social care (61%) are the most likely to say there are more women than men at their organisations.
People working in transportation and warehousing (68%), real estate (54%), manufacturing (50%), education (50%), and construction (49%) are more likely to report working at an organisation with more men than women.
While those in hospitality (66%), science or technical services (57%), retail (55%), finance and insurance (54%), legal services (54%), government and public administration (51%), IT and software (51%), and arts, entertainment or recreation (50%) report a more even mix of men and women at their workplaces.
Do you think there is a gender pay gap in the company / organisation you work for?
| wdt_ID | Answer | All survey respondents | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes – in favour of men | 36 | 37 | 36 |
| 2 | Yes – in favour of women | 7 | 11 | 4 |
| 3 | No – I don't think there is a gender pay gap in my organisation | 57 | 52 | 60 |
| Answer | All survey respondents | Men | Women |
Does the gender pay gap exist? While the results suggest that the majority of people (97%) believe that the UK has a gender pay gap, as many as 57% say they don’t think that the organisation that employs them has a gender pay gap.
This may be true for many organisations but not as a rule. The government’s 2020-21 gender pay gap report shows that most organisations (80%) that have over 250 employees in the UK pay their male employees more than their female employees. The UK has a gender pay gap, albeit one that is (slowly) closing, whether people perceive its existence at their own workplace or not.
Looking at the data of the 5,959 employers who have published their gender pay gap figures for the 2020-21 reporting year so far (by midday on 27 September 2021), four out of every five organisations pay men more. Only one in eight (12%) pays women more, and only one in 13 organisations (7.5%) reports having no pay gap. The average median hourly pay gap, which these calculations are based on, is 13%.
The results from Ciphr’s survey however suggests that people’s perception of their own organisation is significantly different. Only a third of respondents (36%) think that their employer has a gender pay gap in favour of men, most people (60% of women and 52% of men) perceive no pay gap at the organisation that they work for at all.
On average, workers aged 18 to 34 are more likely to report that their organisation has a gender pay gap compared to workers aged over 45 (49% compared to 33% respectively).
Two-fifths of the under-35s (40%) also feel that their employers pay their male staff more, compared to around a quarter of workers over-45 (27%). Around half of the survey respondents working in the arts, entertainment or recreation (54%), finance and insurance (53%), IT and software (51%), HR (50%), and legal services (46%) say the same.
Notably, it’s non-management staff (64% of survey respondents) who are among the most likely to say that their employer has no pay gap (61%), not their bosses. Over half of people (52%) occupying senior management positions, such as owners, CEOs, CFOs, C-level executives, and HR managers, who would perhaps be best placed to know this information – report that their organisation does have a gender pay gap (45% in favour of men and 7% in favour of women).
The size of an organisation doesn’t seem to vastly affect the results, however, its location might. Over two-fifths of the people living in the South East (44%), North West (43%), and London (42%) thinks their employer pays men more. And, one in ten people in London (12%), Scotland (11%) and the West Midlands (10%) think women get paid more at the organisation they work for.
| Parts of the UK | No – I don’t think there is a gender pay gap in my organisation |
|---|---|
| Northern Ireland | 74% |
| North East | 66% |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 65% |
| East Midlands | 64% |
| Wales | 63% |
| West Midlands | 58% |
| UK average | 57% |
| Scotland | 56% |
| South West | 55% |
| South East | 53% |
| East of England | 52% |
| North West | 50% |
| London | 46% |
How big do you think the gender pay gap – in favour of men, is in your company / organisation?
Most workers (56%) that think that their employer has a gender pay gap – in favour of men, estimate the difference between men’s and women’s earnings at over 20%. Around one-fifth of workers (19%) put their employer’s gender pay gap at a more conservative (but still big) 10-14%.
Industries and professions reporting the highest average gender pay gap figures – in favour of men, are IT & software, transportation and warehousing, and construction. With survey respondents estimating that their employers pay their male employees well over a third more than their female employees (41%, 38% and 38% respectively).
The average across all answers is 31% and the median is 21%.
| Parts of the UK | Perceived gender pay gap – in favour of men |
|---|---|
| Wales | 38% |
| East of England | 38% |
| London | 34% |
| West Midlands | 33% |
| South West | 32% |
| UK mean average | 31% |
| East Midlands | 30% |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 30% |
| North West | 29% |
| Northern Ireland | 28% |
| Scotland | 27% |
| South East | 27% |
| North East | 23% |
Do you think gender pay gap reporting should be mandatory for all companies / organisations regardless of size (including those with under 250 employees)?
Do you think ethnicity pay gap reporting should be mandatory for all companies / organisations regardless of their size?
Have you ever researched / looked up the gender pay gap of your current or previous employer?
| wdt_ID | Answer | All respondents | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | 13 | 15 | 12 |
| 2 | No | 56 | 57 | 56 |
| 3 | I wanted to – but the information wasn’t available | 14 | 12 | 15 |
| 4 | No – I don't know how to find out that information | 11 | 10 | 11 |
| 5 | n/a – the company / organisation has less than 250 employees | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Answer | All respondents | Men | Women |
If the information was available, would you take an employer’s gender pay gap into consideration when job hunting?
Over half of women (58%) say that they wouldn’t apply for a job with an employer that has a gender pay gap, compared to just under two-fifths of men (38%).
| wdt_ID | Answer | All survey respondents | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes – I wouldn’t apply for a job with an employer that has a high pay gap | 28% | 19 | 34 |
| 2 | Yes – I wouldn’t apply for a job with an employer that has any pay gap | 21% | 19 | 24 |
| 3 | Yes – but I would still apply for a job with that employer | 18% | 20 | 16 |
| 4 | No – it makes no difference to me | 22% | 31 | 15 |
| 5 | Unsure | 11% | 11 | 11 |
| Answer | All survey respondents | Men | Women |
If the information was available, would you take an employer’s ethnicity pay gap into consideration when job hunting?
Nearly half of all workers (47%) and over half of workers from ethnic minority backgrounds (52%) say that they wouldn’t apply for a job with an employer that has an ethnicity pay gap.
Women are more likely to be averse to working for an organisation that has an ethnicity pay gap compared to men (54% and 37% respectively). For black women that figure rises to 57%, and for Asian women it’s 71%.
| wdt_ID | Answers | All survey respondents | Black workers | Asian workers | White workers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes – I wouldn’t apply for a job with an employer that has a high pay gap | 26 | 26 | 34 | 25 |
| 2 | Yes – I wouldn’t apply for a job with an employer that has any pay gap | 21 | 22 | 29 | 21 |
| 3 | Yes – but I would still apply for a job with that employer | 17 | 16 | 19 | 16 |
| 4 | No – it makes no difference to me | 26 | 26 | 16 | 27 |
| 5 | Unsure | 10 | 10 | 2 | 11 |
| Answers | All survey respondents | Black workers | Asian workers | White workers |
Are you allowed to talk openly about your wages at work (if you want to)?
More than one-third of workers (37%) say they are actively discouraged from talking about their salaries with their colleagues and co-workers, despite them having the legal right to do so. While one in twenty people (5%) say they are actually banned from doing so, due to pay secrecy clauses in their contracts.
Most workers (56%), however, report that their employer (rightly) allows and encourages these discussions, with a quarter of people (26%) saying that their organisation is fully transparent when it comes to salary information.
| wdt_ID | Answer | % of survey respondents |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes – all salary information is fully transparent and shared among employees | 26 |
| 2 | Yes – my employer allows discussion of salary information among employees | 24 |
| 3 | Yes – my employer encourages discussion of salary information among employees | 6 |
| 4 | No – my employer discourages discussion of salary information among employees | 20 |
| 5 | No – my employer gives the impression that employees are not allowed to discuss salary information with each other | 12 |
| 6 | No – my employer bans discussion of salary information among employees (using contractual pay secrecy clauses) | 5 |
| 7 | Prefer not to say | 7 |
| Answer | % of survey respondents |
How do you feel about discussing your salary information / earnings with others – do you talk openly about your pay with any of the following people?
Over a third of people (36%) say they don’t talk about their salary with their significant other, while only two-fifths of people (40%) are happy to tell their friends or parents what they earn. Even less (20%) divulge that information to their children.
According to the results, women are more likely than men to be open about their pay with their friends and parents (44% compared to 34%, and 45% compared to 34%).
Only a third (33%) say they would tell their colleagues and co-workers what they earn, and only one in six people (16%) say they discuss their current salaries with potential new employers or recruiters.
| wdt_ID | Answer | % of survey respondents |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your spouse or partner | 64 |
| 2 | Your parents | 40 |
| 3 | Your friends | 40 |
| 4 | Your manager | 33 |
| 5 | Your colleagues and co-workers | 33 |
| 6 | Your children | 20 |
| 7 | Potential new employers / recruiters | 16 |
| Answer | % of survey respondents |
Is the company / organisation you work for transparent about its promotion, pay and reward processes and policies?
According to guidance from the Government Equalities Office, published in 2017: ‘Introducing transparency to promotion, pay and reward processes can reduce pay inequalities’. It’s one of half a dozen effective actions that organisations are advised to take to help close the gender pay gap.
Only half of all survey respondents (51%) say that their employer is transparent about its promotion, pay and reward processes and policies. However, it does depend on who you ask.
Nearly two-thirds of senior managers (62%), such as owners, CEOs, CFOs, C-level executives, and HR managers, seem clear on their organisation’s processes and policies. Whereas only 47% of non-management staff (who make up 64% of all survey respondents) say the same. The latter are also more likely to report that they are unsure (27%) about these processes and policies, compared to 13% of bosses.
Notes
Ciphr carried out its ‘Gender pay gap – survey’ on 23 September 2021. All survey respondents are employed for wages and over 18 years old (76% work full-time and 24% work part-time). 12% of respondents work in small companies with 26-50 employees, 28% work in medium-sized companies with 51-250 employees, 22% work in large companies with 251-1000 employees, 15% work in organisations with 1001-5000 employees, and 23% work in enterprises with over 5,001 employees).
All statistics have been rounded to the nearest integer or one decimal place. Totals may not sum due to rounding.